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Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction

A wheelchair ramp is a crucial tool in helping a loved one to live at home in a way that is comfortable for them. If they are not designed properly they could be unsafe to use.

ADA regulations require level landings on any changes in direction, to avoid compound slopes. They also must provide a gripping surface for wheelchair users.

Design

The ramp's design has to meet the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards to ensure that wheelchairs comfortably navigate the structure. For instance, the ramp's slope must not exceed a ratio of 1:12 and must have landings that are level upon any direction change or shift in the ramp's surface. It must also be constructed from treated lumber, which is more durable than untreated and can weather precipitation better.

The ramp's top and bottom should be free of obstructions such as trees or bushes, or any other structures which could hinder the user's safe passage. The surface of the ramp should also be non-slip and hard. Some municipalities require the use of an anti-slip running surface along the ramp's entire length.

For the frame of the ramp choose treated lumber that is at least four inches wide. To ensure the ramp is secured, construct posts that are at least 8 feet apart and extend below the level of the ground. The posts must then be connected with the ramp's railings by using spindles. This type of connection is preferred since it minimizes the risk of a ramp operator falling off the edge of the ramp.

Then, you can build the frame of the ramp with beams of 2 by 4 inches in size and Joists that are at least 16 inches long. Make sure that the joists are a minimum of 18 inches above ground level and that they're secured with joist hangers, which are nails that bind the inside of the joists and prevent them from slipping out of alignment. Attach the ramp decking using a framing nailer.

Create an upper landing in the doorway to allow wheelchair occupants to manage the doorswing with ease. This landing should provide 12 to 24 inches on the handle side of the doors that swing out. For in-swing doors the landing should be at minimum 58 by 60 inches to accommodate the door's threshold ramp for wheelchair and a person in wheelchair who has to walk backwards through the doorway.

Install a level landing when changing the direction of the ramp to stop wheelchairs from having their brakes on corners. Adding a level landing also allows you to move the ramp away from the way when needed so that lawnmowers and other equipment can pass underneath it.

Materials

The materials used to construct mobile ramps for wheelchairs for wheelchairs could be made of wood, concrete or aluminum wheelchair ramps for sale. A professional ramp installer will assist you in choosing the right option for your home or office. It is crucial to think about your individual needs and budget when selecting the materials for the ramp. The ramp must also be easy to maintain and safe to use. Certain cities require that the ramp be paved with a non-slip surface.

Before you purchase any building materials or begin construction, make sure you have the required permits from your local government and that you follow all building codes in your area. The wrong materials or construction techniques can create dangerous conditions for foldable wheelchair ramp users. You can get the most up-to-date information about construction regulations at your local building department office or library, or on the internet.

Wood ramps are typically the most affordable of ADA ramp materials, however they require more care than other alternatives. Wood ramps must be treated regularly with an adhesive to prevent the onset of rot. Wood can splinter, which can be especially hazardous for those who are in wheelchairs. Wood ramps can also require additional support to ensure that the structure is standing and steady.

Concrete ramps can be expensive but they are also durable and last for a long time. They are also heavy, which requires more labor to install and can make moving the ramp once it is no longer needed difficult. Concrete ramps are strong enough to withstand the weight of power wheelchairs.

Aluminum ramps are lighter than concrete or steel, but they have the same strength and corrosion resistance. They are also more affordable than steel and iron which makes them a great alternative for those on an extremely tight budget. Aluminum is a green choice since it is found in the earth's crust naturally, and can be recycled.

The upper ramp's landing needs to be at least 3/8 inch of the door threshold to allow for the front wheels of smaller wheelchairs to move over it without becoming stuck. Ramps that have a gap greater than this will not meet ADA standards. It is also important to ensure that the ramp moves smoothly between the upper landing and the ground surface. The last section of the ramp should be a a beveled transition to avoid an abrupt stop for wheelchairs as they exit or enter an apartment.

Installation

A wheelchair ramp is an inclined plane that is erected in addition to or in place of stairs. It allows wheelchair users and people who use strollers or carts to navigate areas that would otherwise be difficult to access, such as an entranceway or a set of sloping steps.

There are several considerations when choosing a wheelchair ramp that should be considered, including the height, location and cost. The ramp should be located closest to the door to prevent unnecessary journeys. It should also be positioned at an elevation that is easily accessed by the person who is using it. It should be securely anchored to the floor and clear of obstructions, such as car parks, shrubs or other obstacles.

ADA regulations stipulate that ramps for scooters and wheelchairs must have handrails either side. The rails must be at 36 inches apart and have a gripping surface that is smooth or rounded. Additionally, they should be connected to the ramp and extend at least 12 inches beyond the edge of the ramp. Handrails should be continuous if a ramp is designed with switchbacks, or in an L-shaped layout.

The length of the ramp is determined by its slope. However there are standard ramp types which can be used in all situations. For instance the threshold ramp is flush along the lip of a curb or at the threshold of a doorway while portable ramps can be moved from one location to another and come in many different sizes. There are also modular aluminum ramps that can be constructed on-site. These are often used for commercial or public areas and are typically longer than the threshold and ramps that are portable.

If you're considering an all-weather ramp, be sure you contact the building department of your city to determine if you require a permit. You should also speak to an expert in mobility to determine the kind of ramp that is best for your needs and the space. In some instances installing an ongoing ramp could increase the resale value of your home.

Maintenance

It is essential to keep your ramp for wheelchairs in good condition, especially if it will be used often. You'll need to perform regular inspections and fix any structural issues when they occur. This will ensure that the ramp is compliant with all ADA requirements and is safe for all users.

Regularly cleaning wooden ramps is required to get rid of dirt and other debris that could hinder access. Keeping the ramp clean will also stop moisture from accumulating under the surface and causing rot. Preservatives and stains for wood only work when the ramp has been thoroughly cleaned prior to application.

Wheelchair ramps can be more difficult to maintain than other types of ramps, as they are more prone to wear and tear. The most important thing to do is ensure you have the proper tools for the job. A set of gauge spanners and screwdrivers are crucial to ensure that all fixings are secure and secure. You should also regularly inspect the handrails to see if there are signs of corrosion or damage. Over time, and with repeated usage, it's possible that some fittings or bolts that hold on the handrails to come loose. This could pose an unsafe situation for anyone who uses the ramp.

It is also important to ensure that the surface of the ramp is grippy enough particularly in winter, when conditions can be difficult. You will need to sweep up any dirt, leaves or other debris that could block the ramp and cause slippage. It is also recommended to apply an ice melt that is non-corrosive on the ramp surface to prevent injuries and slipping.

Think about purchasing "snow tires" or traction wheels for your wheelchair if you are planning to use it for the duration of the winter. These are specifically designed to offer better tracking on uneven surfaces and snow which is why they'll be more efficient than standard wheelchair tires at keeping you on the ramp. Alternately, you can put heating pads or tape along the ramp's surface to melt snow and ice before it gets accumulated.